5. Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia refers to the development of white or grayish patches on the tongue, gums, or inside the cheeks. While it’s usually benign, leukoplakia can sometimes progress to oral cancer if left untreated. It’s often associated with tobacco use, chronic irritation, or ill-fitting dentures.
What You Can Do:
Visit your dentist or physician for evaluation if you notice unexplained white patches. They may recommend monitoring the area or performing a biopsy to ensure there’s no risk of malignancy.
6. Geographic Tongue
Geographic tongue is a harmless condition where irregular red patches with white borders appear on the tongue, giving it a map-like appearance. The exact cause is unknown, but it’s thought to be linked to stress, hormonal changes, or vitamin deficiencies.
What You Can Do:
While geographic tongue doesn’t require treatment, avoiding spicy or acidic foods may reduce discomfort. If symptoms worsen or persist, consult a healthcare provider.
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7. Lichen Planus
Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth. On the tongue, it may present as lace-like white lines or patches. Its cause is unclear, but it’s believed to involve an immune system response.
What You Can Do:
If you suspect lichen planus, visit your doctor or dentist for diagnosis and management. Treatments may include corticosteroids or other medications to alleviate symptoms.
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