Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are a popular spice used in kitchens around the world and have a long history in traditional herbal practices. They are valued for their distinctive aroma, antioxidant content, and naturally occurring compound eugenol, which has been studied for a variety of biological effects.
However, it’s important to remember that natural does not always mean risk-free. Like many herbs and spices, cloves can cause side effects or interact with certain medications when consumed in large amounts, used for extended periods, or taken in concentrated forms such as essential oil.
In this article, you’ll learn about nine potential side effects of cloves, who should be cautious, and how to use them safely.
Why Can Cloves Cause Side Effects?
The primary active compound in cloves is eugenol, a natural substance responsible for much of the spice’s characteristic aroma and many of its biological properties.
Eugenol may influence several body systems, including:
The digestive system
Blood clotting
Liver metabolism
The nervous system
While these effects may contribute to cloves’ traditional uses, they also explain why moderation is important.
1. Digestive Irritation
Eating excessive amounts of cloves may irritate the digestive tract.
Some people may experience:
Heartburn
Stomach discomfort
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Digestive irritation is more likely if cloves are consumed on an empty stomach or by individuals with sensitive digestive systems.
2. Liver Concerns with Excessive Intake
Eugenol is processed by the liver.
Although small culinary amounts are generally considered safe for healthy adults, very large doses, particularly from concentrated products like clove oil, have been associated with liver toxicity in medical reports.
People with existing liver disease should consult a healthcare professional before using clove supplements or essential oils.
3. Increased Bleeding Risk
Some research suggests that eugenol may influence blood clotting.
For this reason, people taking medications such as:
Warfarin
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
or those scheduled for surgery should speak with their healthcare provider before consuming large amounts of cloves or using clove supplements.
Using cloves as a normal culinary spice is generally not considered problematic for most people.
4. May Affect Blood Sugar Levels
Some studies suggest cloves may influence glucose metabolism.
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